Diabetes & Herbal Foods

by Dr. Chong Fee Lan (Tel: 012-370 3755)
Nanjing Chinese Medical Centre
L-02-06, Jalan PPK 1, Taman Kinrara Section 3 Town Centre, 47100 Puchong, Selangor.
Tue-Sat(9am-12.30pm/2.30pm-5.30pm) Sundays(10am-1pm)
Branch:
77A, Jalan Mega Mendung, 5th Mile, Old Klang Road, 58200 Kuala Lumpur.
Tue-Sat(7pm-9.30pm) Sundays(6pm-9.30pm)
Tel: 03-7982 4562

Chinese physicians classify diabetes into three sectors, namely upper sector, middle sector and lower sector illness. Herbal medicines are normally prescribed to be combined with food for cooking. Their main role in cuisine is to keep the blood glucose level near to normal as much as possible.

Upper sector diabetes patient needs an extra fluid diet as he or she may have a strong urine flow but the colour tends to be very yellow. The throat is parched and tongue reddish. Food choice should be on ingredients that can ease the thirst and soothe lungs.

Middle sector diabetics require extra intake of meals. Frequency can increase but the portions should be small. The patients feel thirsty and have bitter taste in their mouths. Bad breath, parched mouths and constipations occur. Hard stool comes with difficult bowel movements. Some light herbal food can improve the general health.

Lower sector diabetes patients may have a constant urge to ease themselves and tend to be rather thin despite consuming a large amount of food. Herbs used can help to speed up the detoxification process and clear body heat.

Always ensure a diabetic diet has three lows and one high. It must be low in oil, salt and sugar but high in fibre intake. Recipes printed are suitable food as they tend to have some curative value.

Celery Soup With Pig's Pancreas
Ingredients:
50g celery (rinsed)
1 set pig's pancreas (rinsed, sliced)
10g Chinese cooking wine
1 egg
10g tapioca flour
5g salt
5g ginger (shredded)
10g spring onions (diced)
Some soy sauce
30g vegetable cooking oil
500ml stock (pre-boiled)
Method:
1.Place slice pancreas in a bowl. Add in wine, soy sauce, tapioca flour, salt, egg, some water to mix together.
2.Heat wok, add in oil. When semi-hot, add in ginger and spring onions. Pour in stock, bring to a boil. Add in no.(1) and celery. Cook for three minutes. Take this as a main dish once a day.
Anecdote: In Chinese food culture, it is believed if you eat a particular part of an animal, it should benefit the corresponding part of the eater. Therefore, to strengthen one'sncreas, you should eat the pig'sancreas.
Herbal properties: Promotes circulation of blood, treats excessive thirst.

Tu Fu Ling Soup
Ingredients:
500g pig'sack bones
50g Tu Fu Ling
2000ml water
Method:
Boil bones and water. Strain residue and oil contents. Add tu fu ling to strained solution. Bring to a boil, simmer till 2 bowls of solution remains. Divide into 2 portions. Drink once a day.
Herbal properties: Strengthens the spleen, has good diuretic effect.

More Diabetic-Friendly Recipes in "Y3K Recipes" issue no.41.

糖尿病药膳

张慧兰医师供稿(Tel: 012-370 3755)
(卫生部认同马来西亚中医师暨针灸联合总会注册中医师)
☆马来西亚中医研究院副院长
★东方中医进修学院副院长
☆南京医科大学针灸硕士
★北京针灸骨伤学院中医学士
☆香港华夏国际中医学院客座教授
★雪隆留华中医师公会财政

Nanjing Chinese Medical Centre
L-02-06, Jalan PPK 1, Taman Kinrara Section 3 Town Centre, 47100 Puchong, Selangor.
Tue-Sat(9am-12.30pm/2.30pm-5.30pm) Sundays(10am-1pm)
Branch:
77A, Jalan Mega Mendung, 5th Mile, Old Klang Road, 58200 Kuala Lumpur.
Tue-Sat(7pm-9.30pm) Sundays(6pm-9.30pm)
Tel: 03-7982 4562


中医称糖尿病为消渴病。分为上消、中消、下消三型，采用药膳治疗，有助于降低血糖及尿糖。
　　
上消型以多饮为主，小便较多、色黄，咽干灼热，食量如常，舌红少津，苔黄而干。多采用生津止渴、清热润肺的方法调整。
　　
中消型常以多食易饥为主，伴有口渴多饮、口苦、口臭、口干、小便频、大便干结。宜清胃泻火、养阴生津。
　　
下消型以小便频多为主。一般采用滋阴补肾、清热降火的方法调理。糖尿病的主要症状是口渴多饮，多食而消瘦、多尿或尿浑浊。运用药物与药膳相结合的疗法，可取得令人满意的效果。

糖尿病患的饮食原则「三低一高」，也就是「低油、低盐、低糖、高纤维」，把握此一糖尿病饮食原则，让糖尿病患者既可品尝美食，又不增加身体负担。 以下药膳可根据患者所表现的症状酌情选用。

猪胰西芹汤
材料：
西芹50克（洗净）
猪胰1具（洗净，切片）
绍酒10克
鸡蛋1个
薯粉10克
盐5克
姜5克（切丝）
葱10克（切段）
酱油适量
素油30克
上汤500毫升
做法:
1.把猪胰片放碗内，加入绍酒、薯粉、盐、酱油、鸡蛋，加清水拌成稠状。
2.把锅置中火上烧热，加入素油，六成热时，加入姜，葱煸香，加入上汤烧沸；加入猪胰及西芹，煮3分钟即成，每日服用一次。

功效:滋阴补血，止消渴。


土茯苓猪骨汤
材料：
猪脊骨500克
土茯苓50克
水2000毫升
做法:
将猪脊骨加适量水熬成3碗，去骨及浮油，加入土茯苓，再煎至2碗即成，每日服一次，分两次服完。

功效:健脾气，利水湿，补阴益髓。

更多有关糖尿病食谱请参考第四十一期《Y3K美厨食谱》。

Diabetes & The Diabetic Diet

by CM Dr. Allen K.M. Pang (Doctor of Chinese Medicine)
* Medical Advisor of Xiamen Ren De Hospital
* Regional Representative of Nanjing TCM University
* President of SEL & KL Association of China Graduated Chinese Physicians
* Guest Lecturer of Hong Kong Wah Ha TCM College
* Director Jiangxi TCM University Malaysia Tutoring Centre
* Vice Chairman (Overseas) of Xiamen TCM & Medicine Promoting Association.

Address:Lot L-02-05, Block L, Kinrara Section 3 Town Centre, Jalan PPK 1, Pusat Perniagaan Kinrara 3, Persiaran Kinrara Sek 3, Taman Kinrara Sek 3, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel:012-3320445
e-mail: ortcm@sina.com

Diabetes is a condition where there is an abnormally high level of sugar in the blood and the affected patient's body is unable to control this. Basic causes of the illness are thought to be related to genetic inheritance, environment, coming into constant contact with toxic substances or other infection of harmful organism may trigger the onset. Diabetes results from a failure in the production of insulin which is one of the body'shormones and its job is to keep the blood's sugar in control. Without insulin, the body's cells become deprived of sugar despite the fact that there is a high level in the blood. As the sugar level rises due to lack of insulin, the cells burn on fat and nutrients like protein as it goes through improper circulation.

Proper diet still form the basis for management of diabetes and the so-called diabetic diet is nothing more than a modification of a well-balanced diet of others. Whatever others eat, diabetics can eat too but with certain adjustments altered to suit each individual's needs. The intake of calories, proteins, fat, sugar should be carefully monitored as a balanced diet supplies nutrients needed by a person to support daily health. A diabetic person requires the same food nutrients as any other non-diabetic person. But protein, fat and carbohydrates are not metabolized in the same way so there is a need to lower this range of food groups. An uncontrolled diet may bring about problems whether the patient belongs to the Diabetes Mellitus (blood glucose level is higher than normal) or Maturity Onset Diabetes, which is a type of diabetes where the pancreas does produce insulin but the tissues of the body are sensitive to its action and because of this, a condition of high blood sugar level starts.

Sometimes, a diabetic can lapse into problems like hypoglycameia (which means low blood sugar level) or develop hyperglycaemia (which means high blood sugar level). Both conditions can be cured but complications can have an effect on the eyes, start of abnormalities in the nerves and has a tendency to develop artery trouble.

Diet is a must for those who suffer from diabetes. Once you understand the role of diet, there is a better overall control of the disease. With a proper diet and combined with the correct set of exercise, the illness can be managed. A diabetic should bring blood glucose level near to normal in order to lessen the risk of toxic effects and whether a patient is on medication or insulin, the diet should be tailored to each individual's nutritional requirement. Below is a simple guide to the source of vitamins needed in a diet:

1. Vitamin A (retinol) is needed for Group 1 as they tend to have insulin resistance. A good origin of this vitamin comes from egg yolks, carrots, pumpkins, maize, spinach and since vitamin A is fat soluble, it can also be made in the body from carotene, a substance found in carrots, spinach.

2. Vitamin B is water soluble so you need a daily supply. There are many vitamins in this group (B1, B2, B6, B12) and is needed for growth and general health, especially for the nervous system. Sources of this vitamin comes from wheatgerm, pulses, sesame seeds and animal products.

3. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) acts as antioxidant, mopping up free radicals, prevents irregularities in the nervous system or formation of arterial disease. Fresh fruits particularly strawberries, spinach, tomatoes, contain a useful amount of vitamin C.

4. Vitamin D is needed for the production of insulin. It is an odd vitamin as it can be made in the body. This process occurs in the skin where a substance is converted into vitamin D in response to exposure to sunlight. General exposure should be sufficient.

5. Lack of Zinc can be a problem factor to the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Foods rich in this nutrient are cereals, eggs.

6. Chromium can help to lower blood sugar and a good source comes from malt, groundnuts, button mushrooms, tea leaves, ginseng and the herb Wong Chi.

7. Selenium can lower blood sugar and prevents hardening of the heart's arteries. A rich source comes from sesame seeds, malt and herb Wong Chi.

It is rather common to find many family members of diabetic patients who expect complications to the patients everyday diet. There are misconceptions that these patients need booster nutrition like chicken essence, foods high in proteins, fish soups or double-boiled chicken with Chinese herbs. In fact this can be a danger as there lies the inability to resist temptation over heavy meals. A well-balanced diet is important for patients but they should not be deprived of good food too.

Bittergourds have enzymes for lowering blood sugar and is a booster for the immune system. The flesh and seeds of this fruit vegetable has loads of goodness and can be taken as a juice drink on a daily basis. It not only helps to prevent constipation but helps to reduce excess weight gained.


As fat restriction is necessary for diabetics, many opt to leave out meat in return for vegetarianism. Eating meat is not harmful in itself but eating anything in excess can be dangerous. As meat is an excellent source of protein, iron and fat, a full vegetarian diet has to be supplemented with the right proportion of nutrients needed in a balanced diet. In a vegetarian diet, protein can only be obtained through plant protein and a combination of nuts, pulses, cereals can help. But it can have its disadvantages as many people are allergic to nuts or flatulence can be formed by eating high fibre foods such as beans. There is often a mistaken idea that if no meat is consumed, the sugar level will be good. This is not true as when there is insufficient insulin, glucose cannot be processed and this remains circulating in the blood stream and can be toxic to the body. Vegans can have an exchange for meat by consuming eggs as it has good protein food. For lacto-vegetarians, the substitution list should include one to two glasses of milk daily and eggs to replace beans. A knowledge of nutrition is the must important factor in preparing a diabetic diet.

Diabetics should drink a lot of water, around 1600 to 1800ml. Water is not a nutrient but the base for the body's major transport system. Alcohol consumption, smoking and excessive sugary drinks should be avoided. Soluble fibres can be beneficial in the diets too. Be wise with your choice and any diabetic patient can still enjoy dining in or out.

糖尿病患者的饮食

彭國民中医师供稿(012-3320445) e-mail:ortcm@sina.com
☆東方中醫藥進修學院院長
☆廈門仁德醫院醫學顧問
☆南京中醫藥大學國際教育學院馬來西亞招生主任
☆雪隆留華中醫師公會會長
☆香港華夏國際中醫學院客座教授
☆江西中醫學院馬來西亞教學點主任
☆廈門中醫藥促進會副會長(海外)

東方中醫藥進修學院
Lot L-02-05, Block L, Kinrara Section 3 Town Centre, Jalan PPK 1, Pusat Perniagaan Kinrara 3, Persiaran Kinrara Sek 3, Taman Kinrara Sek 3, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia. (即蒲种路八英里观音殿斜对面)

糖尿病是一种慢性的代谢异常疾病。一般认为糖尿病是由于遗传、环境、化学毒素以及微生物等因素交互影响，造成体内胰脏分泌胰岛素不足，或体内胰岛素产生抗拒性。使得对于醣类的利用能力减低甚至完全无法利用，造成血糖过高，尿中有糖的现象，同时也造成蛋白质和脂肪的代谢不正常。

饮食控制良好的糖尿病患者，生活品质也不逊于一般人。糖尿病饮食是以正常饮食的原则为基础，视各人需要调整热量、蛋白质、脂肪及醣类的摄取量，提供均衡的营养，达到控制病情一种饮食方式，所需要的基本营养与一般人是一样的。所以正常健康的人也可以此原则摄取均衡营养。糖尿病患者若不注意控制饮食，容易引发急性或慢性并发症，使病情恶化。急性并发症包括低血糖症及高血糖症，严重会致命。慢性并发症则包含眼睛、肾脏、神经、心血管疾病等病变。

对于糖尿病患而言，营养医疗是重要的一环。不论病情的轻重，不管治疗的方式为何，都应该搭配饮食控制。轻微的糖尿病患者甚至于不需要药物，只要施以适当的饮食调整，再配合运动就可以相当有效的控制病情。

糖尿病患者有时为了控制血糖，往往过度限制自己的饮食，殊不知这样的做法并不科学。由于患者与普通人有不同的生理需求，缺乏某些营养素可能会加重糖尿病的发生、发展。这里以维生素矿物质等营养素为例。

1.维生素A缺乏可能导致1型糖尿病的发生和胰岛细胞凋亡，日常膳食中增加蛋黄、胡萝卜、南瓜、玉米、菠菜等富含维生素A的食物可有效补充维生素A。

2.作为许多代谢途径中关键酶的辅酶，B族维生素在糖代谢中起重要的作用，主要存在于小麦、豆类、芝麻及瘦肉等食物中。

3.维生素C能够清除自由基，预防糖尿病合并神经和血管病变，多吃草莓、菠菜、卷心菜、番茄等可有效补充维生素C。

4.维生素D缺乏可以导致胰岛素分泌减少，多晒太阳即可。

5.锌缺乏则影响胰岛素的合成和分泌，主要存在于豆类、鸡蛋等食物中。

6.铬可以改善糖耐量异常，减少降糖药或胰岛素需要量，在小麦、花生、蘑菇、茶叶、人参、黄芪等食物中含量丰富。

7.硒可以降低血糖，抗动脉粥样硬化，主要存在于芝麻、麦芽和黄芪等食中。

有些糖尿病人家属觉得病患三餐需限量，怕病患营养不够，而会准备鸡精、高蛋白、鱼汤或用中药炖鸡来进补，其实有很多糖尿病人处于营养过剩的状态，不当的进补反而会害了病人。糖尿病人只要日常饮食均衡，并不需额外进补。

另外糖尿病患者可多食苦瓜，因为苦瓜所含的多肽类物质具有降低血糖、降低血压、调节血脂、提高免疫力的作用。同时，苦瓜的果实或种子的萃取物也能促进人体糖份分解，具有使过剩糖份转化为热量的作用，改善体内的脂肪平衡。此外，它也可消除成为糖尿病原因的肥胖或便秘。因此，糖尿病患者和血糖值较高的人，不妨每天都喝苦瓜汁。

有些糖尿病人因无法接受限量的肉类，而试图改以吃素方式来控制血糖，甚至有人认为吃素不会影响血糖。素食者常有的问题为蛋白质摄取过与不及以及油脂摄取过多。素食者蛋白质来源为豆制品，一份豆制品相当一份肉类营养，因此，素食者正餐时为均衡营养必须以豆制品获得蛋白质，然而一般人对豆制品有相当大的禁忌，若不靠牛奶或蛋之摄取，蛋白质会明显不足。另有些人对豆制品有错误的观念，觉得只要不是肉类就不会影响血糖且不知其油脂量甚高，而不限制食用，造成血糖居高不下。因此，若为糖尿病而素食者，豆制品的摄取是必须的，其为蛋白质来源，与肉类替换。若为全素者，最好为蛋奶素，一天至少一至二杯牛奶，偶而以蛋代换豆制品，以提高蛋白质的利用率。不论吃素与否，只要吃得均衡，控制份量，对血糖控制都是有益的。

糖尿病人要多喝白开水，每天应摄取约六至八杯（1600～1800 C.C）的水。白开水是人体最健康、最经济的水份来源，应养成摄取白开水的习惯。市售饮料常含高糖份，经常饮用不利于理想体重及血脂肪的控制。

总之过度限制饮食不利于糖尿病的控制，为能在控制饮食的基础上，全面均衡地摄入营养素，帮助控制疾病的进展，糖尿病患者应树立正确的观念，饮食结构多样化，做到营养摄入的全面和均衡。日常膳食主要以植物性食品为主，适当限制蛋白质，严格限制脂肪、烟、酒及含糖饮料，提倡高纤维素食物。糖尿病患者还应该在合理膳食的基础上，适当补充一些维生素矿物质补充剂，以保障营养素摄入的全面、均衡，有效预防糖尿病的发生、发展。

Nutritious Food For Expectant Mothers 优孕优生的饮食

By C M Dr. Allen K.M. Pang (Doctor of Chinese Medicine)
Medical Advisor of Xiamen Ren De Hospital
Regional Representative of Nanjing TCM University
President of SEL & KL Association of China Graduated Chinese Physicians
Guest Lecturer of Hong Kong Wah Ha TCM College
Director Jiangxi TCM University Malaysia Tutoring Centre
Vice Chairman (Overseas) of Xiamen TCM & Medicine Promoting Association

Tel: 016-660 3603/ 012-332 0445

e-mail: ortcm@asiamail.com

It is important that a pregnant woman should eat a well-balanced diet that can benefit the foetus to have a wondrous growth. Unborn babies who are malnourished will suffer inadequate brain growth and poor development. Also it is neither wise for her to indulge in heavy alcoholic drinking or take certain drugs without the doctor’s advice as these could have damaging action on the growing baby. In today’s modern world, the nutritional needs of a pregnant woman have been considered in detail. There are many pre-natal diet plans, all with a scientific approach.

1. Early Pregnancy (beginning of pregnancy to 12 weeks)
During pregnancy, a woman may suffer from several discomforts like feeling nauseous, vomitting, cravings for certain foods, dislike oily foods, heartburn, fatigue setting-in. By the end of 12 we0eks, the major foetal organs and external genitials are formed. The average pregnant woman does not need excessive calories but should be more concern on nutrition. As the placenta is formed during the first three months, the mother should eat a diet with more protein and less oil. It is wise to relieve heartburn by eating small meals more frequently at intervals throughout the day rather than large infrequent meals. The food intake should be more on lean meat, fish, eggs, noodles, milk, soybean milk, fresh leafy vegetables, fresh fruits whichever she fancies. But she should steer clear off oily foods, deep-fried items or have spicy meals. Indigestion or constipation can occur as they are both the result of the effect of the hormone known as progesterone which relaxes the muscle fibres. An intake of vitamin B1, B6 can assist in working up an appetite or loosening discomforts but it is best to discuss the matter with your doctor.

2. Middle Stage Of Pregnancy (13 weeks to 27 weeks)
The foetus develops very quickly from this stage and its sex can be distinguished. The internal organs are becoming more mature as the brain, bones and teeth are developed. The mother must consume more phosphorus, calcium, iodine, zinc and vitamins. Protein is much needed for the uterus, placenta and the breasts as colostrum starts to buildup in preparation for feeding. It is quite obvious the mother puts on weight during her pregnancy term. She needs to increase her calorie intake and rice is a good choice. To improve vitality, she should focus on eating more fish, meat, eggs, dairy products, beans, fibrous food, vitamins, leafy vegetables and fruits as these may help to prevent the onset of hypertension or diabetes. Salt intake must be controlled. It is advisable not to take in excess of 15 grams of salt daily but towards the end of the pregnancy, the limit comes to only 10 grams daily. Cod liver oil is good as it builds body defences but do not take anything in excess form.

3. Advanced Stage Of Pregnancy (28 weeks to 40 weeks)
The foetus is soon coming to full term and the mother’s weight gain increases rapidly. The foetus takes oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta cells. That is why the mother should eat food that will restore energy level. Apart from the foods listed above, she can add to her diet, the eating of offals, pig’s blood curd, seafood, bones simmered soup, radish. The new mother can experience some anaemic condition during the last two month of her pregnancy. Folic acid in the mother’s blood tends to fall but she can increase it through the intake of liver, kidneys, red dates, dried longans, dried apricots, dried peaches or por choy(Chinese spinach) for folic acid and iron buildup. She should receive adequate sunlight to buildup some vitamin D as it is an effective source for growth. Fluid intake should be increased to move her bowels frequently and prevents being constipated after childbirth. Foods like lettuce, mustard greens, apples, bananas, grapes, persimmons, brinjals are good as they help to keep the bowels from becoming sluggish.

A word of advice to all new mothers, do not consume green tea as it restricts the growth of new blood vessels in the pregnant woman. This is not good as the placenta needs to receive a large volume of blood from which nutrients are extracted as required by the baby. The increase in the volume of the mother’s blood and the rapid circulation through her blood vessels can be restricted when she drinks a lot of green tea during her pregnancy term.

优孕优生的饮食

孕期的饮食营养，不仅影响到胎儿的正常发育，也关系到出生后婴幼儿的体质和智力。因此，科学地调配妊娠各时期的饮食营养，对优孕、优生有着十分重要的意义。孕期的饮食营养应在多样化的前提下，根据妊娠不同时期胎儿与母体的营养需要，适时科学地调配饮食营养。

1．妊娠前期，即怀孕后1至12周，孕妇往往容易发生轻度的恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、择食、厌油、烧心、疲倦等妊娠反应。此期间由于胎儿的各器官、内脏正处于分化形成阶段。这时期由於胎儿在缓慢生长，需要的热量和营养物质相对较少。因此这个阶段的膳食要以重质量，高蛋白，富营养，少油腻，易消化吸收为其原则。一日可少食多餐，以瘦肉、鱼类、蛋类、面条、牛奶、豆浆、新鲜蔬菜和水果为佳。可选择孕妇平常喜好的食物，但不宜食用油腻、油炸、辛辣等不易消化和刺激性强的食物，以防消化不良或便秘而造成先兆充产。妊娠反应重的可适当加服维生素B1、B6，以帮助增进食欲，减少不适感。

2. 妊娠中期，即怀孕后13至27周，胎儿各系统器官组织迅速发育，体重、身长增长快，需要大量的蛋白质构成自己的肌肉和筋骨，尤其是长骨骼和大脑需要补充大量的磷、钙和一定量的碘、锌及各种维生素；母亲也需要蛋白质供给子宫、胎盘及乳房的发育。母体此时还因胎儿体重的增加体力消耗亦增大，基础代谢比平常人要增加10～20%，对各种营养物质的需求量也相对增多。

此期的饮食营养对母体、胎儿的健康发育非常重要。补充热量，全面营养，易于消化是此期的饮食原则。米是补充热量的主要来源,同时要摄入营养价值高、富含蛋白质的食物，如鱼、肉、蛋类、奶类、豆制品和富含纤维素、维生素的蔬菜水果等。还应多摄入植物性脂肪，这对促进胎儿发育与预防妊娠高血压综合症都有裨益。不要过多地摄入糖类甜食等，以免影响主食的摄入量。还要适当限制盐的摄入，一般每天摄入盐15克左右，在妊娠中、后期要控制在10克左右，减少盐的食入可在某种程度上预防妊娠高血压综合症。从妊娠中期起，可适当服食钙片、鱼肝油，但不可过量。

妊娠后期，即怀孕后28至40周，此期胎儿发育日趋成熟，体重增加很快，向母体索取的营养素更多，并要在体内储存一定量的营养，为出生后独立生活做好准备。而母体也是除供胎儿生长发育所需的营养外，自身还要储备营养，以供给分娩时消耗所需。因而在此阶段孕妇对各种营养物质的需求量更大。

这个时期的饮食原则是食物品种多样，营养更为丰富，饮食中应以蛋白质和碳水化合物为主，除食入主食米、面和含蛋白质丰富的奶类、蛋、肉、鱼类等食物外，还要注意多食入动物肝脏、猪血、海产品、骨头汤、豆制品、新鲜蔬菜、胡萝卜、水果等含钙、铁、磷等微量元素及维生素的食物。

在妊娠的最后两个月，胎儿对铁质的需求量相对较多。在此时若孕妇进食较少，则可出现贫血现象。因此，必然多吃富含铁的食物如肝、肾、红枣、桂圆、桃干、杏干、菠菜等。同时，要注意适当晒太阳，以促进维生素D的合成，利于钙、磷的吸收及胎儿骨骼的生长发育。妊娠后期，往往出现便秘，孕妇除了多吃些油菜、芹菜等含纤维多的蔬菜外，还要多吃些生津清热的水果、蔬菜，如苹果、香蕉、葡萄、西红柿、茄子等。纤维多的食物可增强肠蠕动，生津清热食物可去肠热，并以津液润肠道，利于大便的排出。

要特别一提的是，准妈妈不可喝绿茶。 绿茶在日常生活中是一种有益于身体健康的饮料。但对准妈妈而言，却是碰不得的。 因为绿茶含有会阻止新血管增生的成分。对准妈妈来说，此时正是身体进行新血管增生作用来孕育小宝宝的时候，如果在怀孕时喝绿茶，对胎儿的生长发育会产生不良影响。

彭國民中医师

优生优孕

東方中醫藥進修學院院長
彭國民中医师
☆ 廈門仁德醫院醫學顧問
☆ 南京中醫藥大學國際教育學院馬來西亞招生主任
☆ 雪隆留華中醫師公會會長
☆ 香港華夏國際中醫學院客座教授
☆ 江西中醫學院馬來西亞教學點主任
☆ 廈門中醫藥促進會副會長(海外)

中医优孕与优生

一个健康、聪明的孩子是每一对夫妇、每一个家庭的愿望。这就是医 学里所说的优生。这也是国家和民族繁荣昌盛之所在。

优生的前题是优孕。优孕是一个全新的生育新理念。在精子和卵子结合那一刻前的3个月，甚至6个月，就开始了孕育准备，因此生命的孕育不仅只是10个月。夫妇能在优身、优时、优境的最佳状态下，让最健康最富活力的精子和卵子结合，父母双方的精良基因如容貌、智慧、个性、健康就能传给下一代。

优生的目标不仅为胎儿诞生时的身体健康，还包括通过各种孕育行为，对新生儿日后的端正品行、事业有成、幸福生活的长远期望。配偶的选择、胎养、胎教、交合禁忌，以及受胎时日等方面是优生的孕育行为。

中医认为不同的人有不同的体质,对胎儿有不同的影响。因此准备怀孕的夫妻若能经由中医师调整体质，使身体阴阳平衡，不仅提高受孕品质，更为胎儿提供优良的生长环境，孕育出的胎儿更加健康，因为当父母的智力与健康都处于最佳状态，所孕育的子女，其脑力与体力也都更将优秀。
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）报告指出，一对有正常性生活的夫妻，一般受孕机率为90%，当然，受孕率会跟着年龄的增加而减退。20～30岁是生育力最强的时机，大部分这年龄层的妇女，是不需要特别的调理。至于需要调理体质的妇女，若是体虚气弱、禀赋不良，中药调理是一举数得的善策。

高龄、流过产、卵巢功能不良妇女孕前须调理体质。

妇女过了30岁，就倾向高龄产妇，尤其是35岁之后，正常妇女的卵巢功能衰退得更快。但如果无法提早生育，就要注意不要有人为的破坏，最严重的是堕胎或流产，对生理结构及内分泌系统，有可能造成万劫不复的机会。中医将小产与流产后的妇女，视同生过宝宝的体弱妇女，正常产妇坐月子要1个月，小产妇女则要百日, 或至少3个月。

当女人的卵巢功能衰退很快，或素来卵巢功能不良者，一定要避免月经期间使用机械检查子宫；万一不得已，甚至必须作人工流产手术时，一定要找合格的医师，否则很容易将子宫内膜推向输卵管和腹腔中，造成原本就已体虚气弱，手术后再加上气滞血瘀的体况，雪上加霜，导致不孕症的机会大增，就很可能会发生子宫内膜异位症。

严重者会间接罹患巧克力囊肿、子宫肌瘤等，中医以行血去瘀为主、补养气血为补，中药处方与针针灸、推拿都一样秉持此原则。此族群怀孕前，若能调理是很聪慧的。

此外，不当的性行为使下体感染的机会加大，而体质较差的妇女，即使性行为正当，但在不良环境下，也会伤及怀孕功能，如洗温泉、泡热水澡、洗三温暖、酗酒、抽烟、长期暴露于幅射线，以及在有毒化学药品环境下工作，常见白带异常增多，就有可能演变成子宫发炎，甚至整个骨盆腔都发炎，还有可能影响脑下垂体及卵巢的正常分泌功能。

以上状况发生越多的妇女，越须做好孕前优生，这不只是保障自己的生命健康，对孩子也是一种优养。因此，西医通常不建议未曾生育过的女性使用子宫内避孕器，因为如此很可能造成骨盆腔感染，及子宫颈闭锁不全，甚至造成不孕。

中医促孕药膳很多, 可根据个别情况选用。以下介绍一道美味又助孕的药膳。陈皮鸡翅助孕汤:材料：陈皮4.5克，茯苓12克，甘草3克，红枣6粒，鸡翅10只，盐适量。做法： 1.锅内烧开热水，放入鸡翅烫过，捞起以冷水冲净，沥干水分。 2.陈皮以小布袋包好，放入锅内，再将茯苓，甘草，红枣过水洗净加入，并加入5杯水及鸡翅，煮沸后改小火再煮约30分钟，加盐调味即可。本药膳适用于因痰气太旺盛而造成的偏胖型女性，改善子宫后倾和腹部闷胀，有益于受孕。

另外中成药如中将汤、白凤丸、生化汤、桃仁四物汤、四物汤、八珍汤、逍遥散、当归建中汤、安中散、温经汤、归脾汤、清心莲子饮等，都是孕前优生调养的好药方。当然要对症下药，若能配合早睡早起，早上做充分有氧运动，更能让母亲健美、宝宝健康。

東方中醫藥進修學院

L-02-06, Jalan PPK 1,

Taman Kinrara Section 3 Town Centre,
47100 Puchong, Selangor.

Tel: 03-7982 4562